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Germany

Deutschland

Germany’s registration starts with a one-to-three-letter city or district key, followed by the official seals and a locally allocated serial. FE-Schrift, the blue EU field and a large family of colour, date and suffix variants make the system unusually information-rich.

CURRENT STANDARD
BPM 4821
Area · letters · digitsIntroduced 1956 · Euro style compulsory 2000
THE SYSTEM

How the numbering works

01

One to three letters identify the registration authority; B is Berlin, M München and HH the Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

02

One or two letters and one to four digits form the local serial. The whole mark normally has no more than eight characters.

03

The rear plate carries the registration seal and circular inspection sticker; the front carries the registration seal but no inspection sticker.

04

FE-Schrift was designed to make character alteration difficult. Current ordinary issues carry the EU stars and international identifier D.

05

H and E are final status characters, while a seasonal plate reserves the right edge for its start and end months and is limited to seven registration characters.

BEYOND THE STANDARD

Special & distinctive series

Colour and suffixes can completely change a plate's meaning.

BPM 4821

Standard rear

Berlin’s B key sits before the inspection and registration seals; the local serial follows.

DBPM482

Motorcycle since 2011

The reduced two-line 180 or 220 × 200 mm format uses smaller characters and keeps the EU field at left.

MTR 218

Seasonal

Stacked months show the recurring annual registration period, which may run for two to eleven months.

KAT 1968H

Historic H

A final H marks an approved, substantially original vehicle generally at least 30 years old.

HHEV 42E

Electric E

A final E identifies eligible battery, fuel-cell and qualifying plug-in vehicles.

B041234180826

Short-term

A yellow right field shows the final day, month and year of a registration valid for no more than five days.

MA 4821180826

Export

A red expiry field identifies export registration; unlike ordinary plates, it has no EU band.

B061234

Dealer 06

Red 06 plates are transferable between eligible dealer, manufacturer and workshop vehicles.

ARCHIVE FORMATS

How Germany's plates evolved

6 reconstructed milestones show how colour, geography and numbering changed before the present system.

1906–1933
IA 12345

Imperial and Weimar allocation

Roman numerals and letters identified states and administrative districts; IA was the Prussian province of Berlin.

1933–1945
DR 482193

Centralised and service series

The pre-war geographic framework continued while national organisations and military branches gained dedicated prefixes.

1945–1956
AB 12-345

Occupation-zone systems

Allied-zone prefixes replaced the pre-war allocation after 1945.

1953–1990
IB 12-34

German Democratic Republic

East Germany used its own two-letter regional allocation and later expanded formats as registrations grew.

1956–1994
B PM 4821

Federal format before Euro field

West Germany introduced the enduring district, seal and local-number logic in DIN lettering.

1994–2000
DB PM 4821

Euro transition

The blue D field and alteration-resistant FE-Schrift appeared progressively before becoming standard for new issues.

1906

National allocation

A German-wide district system replaces a patchwork of local schemes.

1933

Centralised service prefixes

National, police and armed-service fleets gain their own identifying series.

1945

Occupation zones

American, British, French and Soviet zones introduce new prefixes.

1953

DDR system

East Germany adopts its own regional two-letter series.

1956

Federal Republic format

One to three district letters, seals and a local serial establish the system still read today.

1989

Reflective plates required

Reflective construction becomes compulsory for newly issued plates.

1990

Reunification

Eastern districts migrate to the federal system.

1994

Euro design rolls out

The EU field and fraud-resistant FE-Schrift begin replacing the earlier DIN appearance.

1997

Seasonal registration

Recurring two-to-eleven-month registrations arrive with stacked month numerals.

2000

Euro format compulsory

From November, newly registered vehicles receive only the European-style plate.

2011

Reduced motorcycle format

Motorcycles gain 180 or 220 × 200 mm plates with narrower, smaller characters.

2012

Code liberalisation

Many discontinued local identifiers return after regional campaigns.

2015

Electric E suffix

Eligible electric vehicles can request a final E for privileges created by federal law.

BEYOND THE EVERYDAY

More plates worth knowing

Special status, vehicle class or use can change the colour, prefix, suffix or even the entire registration logic.

Short-term
B041234180826

A yellow date field gives the last day, month and year of a registration valid for no more than five days; there is no EU band.

Export
MA 4821180826

The red field carries the expiry date. Export plates are among the few current German types without the EU identifier.

Dealer 06
B061234

Red-character 06 registrations move between eligible dealer, manufacturer or workshop vehicles.

Technical test 05
F051284

A red 05 series is reserved for recognised technical inspection and testing organisations.

Collector 07
K071968

A transferable red 07 registration supports approved collections of vehicles at least 30 years old, but not ordinary daily use.

Tax-exempt green
HA 2481

Green characters identify qualifying tax-exempt vehicles such as agricultural machines and certain aid or work fleets.

Diplomatic
017 482

A leading 0 is followed by a mission code and rank-related sequence; lower numbers usually indicate higher status.

Bundeswehr
Y482193

Military vehicles carry the German flag, Y and a random number on a non-reflective plate without an EU band.

NATO
X4821

Vehicles serving NATO headquarters in Germany use X and four digits, also without the EU field.

Federal Police
BP42 4821

BP identifies the Bundespolizei; older BG registrations remain valid on vehicles still carrying them.

THW
THW84219

Federal disaster-relief vehicles use THW; four-digit ranges serve administration and five-digit ranges local units.

Insurance plate black
482KTM2026 GDV

Mopeds and other light vehicles use a 130 × 105.5 mm annual plate; its text cycles black, blue and green each March.

PLATE ANATOMY

Dimensions, seals and typeface are functional

German plates are regulated layouts rather than one graphic stretched across every vehicle class.

Standard one-lineMax 520 × 110 mm

The normal car format; the rear carries both registration and inspection seals.

Two-line carMax 340 × 200 mm

Used where the mounting space cannot accept the standard long plate.

Motorcycle since 2011180/220 × 200 mm

Reduced characters distinguish it from the older plate up to 280 × 200 mm.

Light motorcycle255 × 130 mm

A separate reduced two-line size exists for qualifying light motorcycles.

Rear inspection stickerHU above authority seal

The upward month is the due month; the sticker colour identifies the due year.

TypefaceFE-Schrift

Its deliberately unusual forms resist alteration and remain readable by machines.

STATUS & VALIDITY

Suffixes and date fields change what the plate permits

The characters at the far right may grant a status or impose a sharply defined validity window.

HistoricFinal H

Normally requires 30 years of age, a largely original condition and formal approval.

ElectricFinal E

Available for eligible battery, fuel-cell and qualifying plug-in vehicles.

Seasonal02–11 months

Top and bottom numerals mark the first and last month of the recurring season.

H + seasonCan be combined

A historic vehicle may use both the H suffix and a seasonal validity field if space allows.

Short-termMaximum 5 days

The yellow field prints the precise expiry date and the number normally begins with 03 or 04.

ExportRed expiry field

The authority sets the validity period for taking a vehicle permanently abroad.

COLOUR & TRANSFER

Red, green and annual plates form separate systems

Colour is legal information: these marks are not cosmetic versions of an ordinary registration.

Dealer / workshopRed 06

A transferable trade registration may be used only for authorised journeys.

Inspection bodyRed 05

Reserved for recognised technical testing organisations.

Historic collectionRed 07

One registration can cover multiple approved collector vehicles for limited purposes.

Tax exemptGreen characters

Common categories include agricultural, forestry and certain public-interest vehicles.

Moped insuranceBlack · blue · green

The annual colour cycle runs from March through the following February.

Dealer insuranceRed

A much rarer red annual insurance plate serves eligible trade use.

PUBLIC-SERVICE KEYS

Some first letters identify institutions, not geography

Federal, diplomatic and military registrations sit beside the district-coded civilian system.

Diplomatic corps0

Mission and rank numbers follow; 0-1 through 0-4 are reserved for the highest federal offices.

BundeswehrY

The national flag replaces the European band and civilian inspection rules do not apply in the usual way.

NATO headquartersX

Four digits follow; these vehicles remain subject to regular roadworthiness inspection.

Federal PoliceBP

The modern Bundespolizei prefix replaced BG for new allocations.

Disaster reliefTHW

The agency name itself acts as the distinguishing sign.

Waterways / customsBW · BD

BW serves federal waterways administration; BD appears on federal administration and customs fleets.

UNTERSCHEIDUNGSZEICHEN

District and federal keys

Search the principal current city and district keys plus the national, diplomatic and service identifiers. Since liberalisation, many abolished local keys can coexist with a district’s main code.

220 of 220 entriesUp to 3 geographic lettersRevived legacy keys exist alongside current authorities
A
AugsburgDistrict / city key
AA
OstalbkreisDistrict / city key
AB
AschaffenburgDistrict / city key
AC
AachenDistrict / city key
B
BerlinDistrict / city key
BA
BambergDistrict / city key
BAD
Baden-BadenDistrict / city key
BB
BöblingenDistrict / city key
BC
BiberachDistrict / city key
BI
BielefeldDistrict / city key
BL
ZollernalbkreisDistrict / city key
BN
BonnDistrict / city key
BO
BochumDistrict / city key
BOR
BorkenDistrict / city key
BOT
BottropDistrict / city key
BRB
Brandenburg an der HavelDistrict / city key
BS
BraunschweigDistrict / city key
BT
BayreuthDistrict / city key
BZ
BautzenDistrict / city key
C
ChemnitzDistrict / city key
CB
CottbusDistrict / city key
CE
CelleDistrict / city key
CHA
ChamDistrict / city key
CLP
CloppenburgDistrict / city key
CO
CoburgDistrict / city key
CUX
CuxhavenDistrict / city key
D
DüsseldorfDistrict / city key
DA
DarmstadtDistrict / city key
DD
DresdenDistrict / city key
DE
Dessau-RoßlauDistrict / city key
DEG
DeggendorfDistrict / city key
DEL
DelmenhorstDistrict / city key
DO
DortmundDistrict / city key
DU
DuisburgDistrict / city key
E
EssenDistrict / city key
EA
EisenachDistrict / city key
EF
ErfurtDistrict / city key
EI
EichstättDistrict / city key
EL
EmslandDistrict / city key
EM
EmmendingenDistrict / city key
EN
Ennepe-Ruhr-KreisDistrict / city key
ER
ErlangenDistrict / city key
ES
EsslingenDistrict / city key
EU
EuskirchenDistrict / city key
F
Frankfurt am MainDistrict / city key
FB
WetteraukreisDistrict / city key
FD
FuldaDistrict / city key
FDS
FreudenstadtDistrict / city key
FF
Frankfurt (Oder)District / city key
FL
FlensburgDistrict / city key
FR
FreiburgDistrict / city key
FS
FreisingDistrict / city key
G
GeraDistrict / city key
GAP
Garmisch-PartenkirchenDistrict / city key
GE
GelsenkirchenDistrict / city key
GI
GießenDistrict / city key
GL
Rheinisch-Bergischer KreisDistrict / city key
GM
Oberbergischer KreisDistrict / city key
GöttingenDistrict / city key
GP
GöppingenDistrict / city key
GR
GörlitzDistrict / city key
GT
GüterslohDistrict / city key
GZ
GünzburgDistrict / city key
H
HannoverDistrict / city key
HA
HagenDistrict / city key
HAL
Halle (Saale)District / city key
HAM
HammDistrict / city key
HD
HeidelbergDistrict / city key
HE
HelmstedtDistrict / city key
HEI
DithmarschenDistrict / city key
HF
HerfordDistrict / city key
HG
HochtaunuskreisDistrict / city key
HH
HamburgDistrict / city key
HI
HildesheimDistrict / city key
HK
HeidekreisDistrict / city key
HL
LübeckDistrict / city key
HN
HeilbronnDistrict / city key
HO
HofDistrict / city key
HOM
Saarpfalz-KreisDistrict / city key
HP
BergstraßeDistrict / city key
HR
Schwalm-Eder-KreisDistrict / city key
HRO
RostockDistrict / city key
HS
HeinsbergDistrict / city key
HSK
HochsauerlandkreisDistrict / city key
HU
HanauDistrict / city key
HX
HöxterDistrict / city key
IN
IngolstadtDistrict / city key
J
JenaDistrict / city key
KA
KarlsruheDistrict / city key
KB
Waldeck-FrankenbergDistrict / city key
KC
KronachDistrict / city key
KE
KemptenDistrict / city key
KI
KielDistrict / city key
KL
KaiserslauternDistrict / city key
KLE
KleveDistrict / city key
KN
KonstanzDistrict / city key
KO
KoblenzDistrict / city key
KR
KrefeldDistrict / city key
KS
KasselDistrict / city key
KT
KitzingenDistrict / city key
KÜN
HohenlohekreisDistrict / city key
LA
LandshutDistrict / city key
LAU
Nürnberger LandDistrict / city key
LB
LudwigsburgDistrict / city key
LD
LandauDistrict / city key
LEV
LeverkusenDistrict / city key
LG
LüneburgDistrict / city key
LI
LindauDistrict / city key
LIP
LippeDistrict / city key
LL
Landsberg am LechDistrict / city key
LM
Limburg-WeilburgDistrict / city key
LörrachDistrict / city key
LU
LudwigshafenDistrict / city key
M
MünchenDistrict / city key
MA
MannheimDistrict / city key
MD
MagdeburgDistrict / city key
ME
MettmannDistrict / city key
MG
MönchengladbachDistrict / city key
MI
Minden-LübbeckeDistrict / city key
MIL
MiltenbergDistrict / city key
MK
Märkischer KreisDistrict / city key
MM
MemmingenDistrict / city key
MN
UnterallgäuDistrict / city key
MOS
Neckar-Odenwald-KreisDistrict / city key
MR
Marburg-BiedenkopfDistrict / city key
MS
MünsterDistrict / city key
MTK
Main-Taunus-KreisDistrict / city key
MZ
MainzDistrict / city key
N
NürnbergDistrict / city key
ND
Neuburg-SchrobenhausenDistrict / city key
NE
Rhein-Kreis NeussDistrict / city key
NES
Rhön-GrabfeldDistrict / city key
NEW
Neustadt an der WaldnaabDistrict / city key
NF
NordfrieslandDistrict / city key
NI
Nienburg / WeserDistrict / city key
NK
NeunkirchenDistrict / city key
NM
NeumarktDistrict / city key
NOH
Grafschaft BentheimDistrict / city key
NOM
NortheimDistrict / city key
NR
NeuwiedDistrict / city key
NU
Neu-UlmDistrict / city key
OA
OberallgäuDistrict / city key
OAL
OstallgäuDistrict / city key
OB
OberhausenDistrict / city key
OD
StormarnDistrict / city key
OE
OlpeDistrict / city key
OF
OffenbachDistrict / city key
OG
OrtenaukreisDistrict / city key
OH
OstholsteinDistrict / city key
OL
OldenburgDistrict / city key
OS
OsnabrückDistrict / city key
P
PotsdamDistrict / city key
PA
PassauDistrict / city key
PB
PaderbornDistrict / city key
PF
PforzheimDistrict / city key
PI
PinnebergDistrict / city key
PIR
Sächsische Schweiz-OsterzgebirgeDistrict / city key
PL
VogtlandkreisDistrict / city key
PS
PirmasensDistrict / city key
RA
RastattDistrict / city key
RD
Rendsburg-EckernfördeDistrict / city key
RE
RecklinghausenDistrict / city key
REG
RegenDistrict / city key
RO
RosenheimDistrict / city key
ROW
Rotenburg (Wümme)District / city key
RS
RemscheidDistrict / city key
RT
ReutlingenDistrict / city key
RÜD
Rheingau-Taunus-KreisDistrict / city key
RV
RavensburgDistrict / city key
S
StuttgartDistrict / city key
SAD
SchwandorfDistrict / city key
SB
SaarbrückenDistrict / city key
SC
SchwabachDistrict / city key
SE
SegebergDistrict / city key
SHA
Schwäbisch HallDistrict / city key
SHG
SchaumburgDistrict / city key
SI
Siegen-WittgensteinDistrict / city key
SIG
SigmaringenDistrict / city key
SIM
Rhein-Hunsrück-KreisDistrict / city key
SK
SaalekreisDistrict / city key
SL
Schleswig-FlensburgDistrict / city key
SM
Schmalkalden-MeiningenDistrict / city key
SN
SchwerinDistrict / city key
SO
SoestDistrict / city key
SOK
Saale-Orla-KreisDistrict / city key
SON
SonnebergDistrict / city key
SP
SpeyerDistrict / city key
SR
StraubingDistrict / city key
ST
SteinfurtDistrict / city key
SU
Rhein-Sieg-KreisDistrict / city key
SW
SchweinfurtDistrict / city key
SZ
SalzgitterDistrict / city key
TBB
Main-Tauber-KreisDistrict / city key
TF
Teltow-FlämingDistrict / city key
TIR
TirschenreuthDistrict / city key
TübingenDistrict / city key
UL
UlmDistrict / city key
V
VogtlandkreisDistrict / city key
VB
VogelsbergkreisDistrict / city key
VIE
ViersenDistrict / city key
VS
Schwarzwald-Baar-KreisDistrict / city key
W
WuppertalDistrict / city key
WAF
WarendorfDistrict / city key
WES
WeselDistrict / city key
WI
WiesbadenDistrict / city key
WIL
Bernkastel-WittlichDistrict / city key
WN
Rems-Murr-KreisDistrict / city key
WO
WormsDistrict / city key
WOB
WolfsburgDistrict / city key
WürzburgDistrict / city key
WW
WesterwaldkreisDistrict / city key
Z
ZwickauDistrict / city key
0
Diplomatic corps and highest federal officesFederal / special
1
President of the BundestagFederal / special
BD
Federal administration and customsFederal / special
BP
Federal PoliceFederal / special
BW
Federal waterways and navigationFederal / special
THW
Federal Agency for Technical ReliefFederal / special
X
NATO headquarters in GermanyFederal / special
Y
BundeswehrFederal / special
GOOD TO KNOW

Three road-side clues

Since 2012, Kennzeichenliberalisierung has revived many abolished local keys alongside the current district code.

The coloured inspection sticker encodes the due year and its topmost month indicates when the inspection expires.

Germany also maintains separate diplomatic, federal, military, NATO, tax-exempt, collector, test and annual insurance-plate systems.

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